Glossary & Links: Topic6 "Organizing a Project"
Procurement
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
采購
采购
Procurement is a term that describes the activities undertaken by a client or employer who is seeking to bring about the construction of a design project undertaken by design consultants. It is a mechanism that provides a solution to the question: "how do I get my project built?"
——
採購是一個術語，它描述了客戶或雇主為尋求設計顧問進行設計項目的建設而進行的活動。它是為以下問題提供解決方案的機制：“如何構建我的項目？”
——
采购是一个术语，它描述了客户或雇主为寻求设计顾问进行设计项目的建设而进行的活动。它是为以下问题提供解决方案的机制：“如何构建我的项目？”
Traditional Procurement
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
傳統採購
传统采购
Traditional procurement remains the most commonly-used method of procuring building works. It comprises a tripartite arrangement involving a client, consultants and a contractor. The traditional procurement route involves separating design from construction.
——
傳統採購仍然是採購建築工程的最常用方法。它包括一個由客戶，顧問和承包商組成的三方安排。傳統的採購路線涉及將設計與施工分開
——
传统采购仍然是采购建筑工程的最常用方法。它包括一个由客户，顾问和承包商组成的三方安排。传统的采购路线涉及将设计与施工分开。
Design-Build Procurement
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
設計和建造購
设计和建造采购
Design and build is a term describing a procurement route in which the main contractor is appointed to design and construct the works, as opposed to a traditional contract, where the client appoints consultants to design the development and then a contractor is appointed to construct the works.
——
與傳統的合同不同，客戶被委託設計和建造作品，而客戶要任命顧問來設計開發項目，然後指定承包商來建造作品。
——
与传统的合同不同，客户被委托设计和建造作品，而客户要任命顾问来设计开发项目，然后指定承包商来建造作品
Management Contracting or Construction Management
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
管理承包
管理承包
Management contracting is an approach whereby a management contractor (appointed by the client) undertakes and carries out the work through work contractors. These works contractors are therefore contractually accountable to the management contractor.
——
管理承包是一種方法，管理承包人（由客戶指定）通過工作承包人承擔和執行工作。因此，這些工程承包商應按合同向管理承包商負責。
——
管理承包是一种方法，管理承包人（由客户指定）通过工作承包人承担和执行工作。因此，这些工程承包商应按合同向管理承包商负责。
Contracts
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
合同
合同
A construction contract is a mutual or legally binding agreement between two parties based on policies and conditions recorded in document form. The two parties involved are one or more property owners and one or more contractors.
——
施工合同是指根據文件形式記錄的政策和條件，雙方之間相互或具有法律約束力的協議。涉及的兩個方面是一個或多個財產所有者和一個或多個承包商。
——
施工合同是指根据文件形式记录的政策和条件，双方之间相互或具有法律约束力的协议。涉及的两个方面是一个或多个财产所有者和一个或多个承包商。
Simple Contract
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
簡單合同
简单合同
In contract law, a simple contract is a contract made orally or in writing, rather than a contract made under seal. The limitation on actions against simple contracts is 6 years.
——
在合同法中，簡單合同是指用口頭或書面形式訂立的合同，而不是蓋章訂立的合同。對簡單合同的訴訟時效是6年。
——
在合同法中，简单合同是指用口头或书面形式订立的合同，而不是盖章订立的合同。对简单合同的诉讼时效是6年。
Contract Under Seal
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
蓋印合同
盖印合同
The contract under seal definition describes the contract as one that is "formal" and one that does not require any consideration. A contract under seal has the seal of the signer attached. The type of contracts that are required by law to be under seal include leases exceeding three years; contracts without consideration; and transfers to the title of the land.
——
印章定义下的合同将该合同描述为“正式的”合同，不需要任何对价。盖印的合同附有签字人的印章。法律规定须盖印的合约类型包括:超过三年的租约;合同没有考虑;并转让土地所有权。
——
印章定义下的合同将该合同描述为“正式的”合同，不需要任何对价。盖印的合同附有签字人的印章。法律规定须盖印的合约类型包括:超过三年的租约;合同没有考虑;并转让土地所有权。
Contract Terms
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
合同條款
合同条款
Contracts consist of various terms, promises and stipulations which are collectively called ‘terms’ These detail the exact nature and extent of duties, obligations and rights of the parties. The expression “terms and conditions” indicates that some terms in the contract are considered to be more important than others.
——
合同由各种条款、承诺和规定组成，这些统称为“条款”，这些条款详细说明了当事人责任、义务和权利的确切性质和范围。“条款”这一措辞表明合同中的一些条款被认为比其他条款重要。
——
合同由各种条款、承诺和规定组成，这些统称为“条款”，这些条款详细说明了当事人责任、义务和权利的确切性质和范围。“条款”这一措辞表明合同中的一些条款被认为比其他条款重要。
Exclusion Clauses
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
免責條款
免责条款
Either party to a contract can may exclude or limit their liability under the contract by inserting an exclusion clause. A typical example would be a sports ground stating that it was not responsible for any loss or damage to personal belongings left in the changing rooms (left at the owner’s risk).
——
合同的任何一方都可以在合同中加入免責條款，以排除或限制自己的責任。一個典型的例子是一個體育場地，它聲明不負責任何丟失或損壞的個人物品留在更衣室(留下的風險由所有者承擔)。
——
合同的任何一方都可以在合同中加入免责条款，以排除或限制自己的责任。一个典型的例子是一个体育场地，它声明不负责任何丢失或损坏的个人物品留在更衣室(留下的风险由所有者承担)。
Tendering
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
招標
招标
Tendering is the process by which the client or employer invites contractors to place a bid for work on a construction project. The tender is treated as an offer to do the work for a certain amount of money (firm price), or a certain amount of profit (cost re-imbursement or cost plus).
——
本港的規劃制度包括訂定全港層面的發展策略和地區層面的各類法定圖則和部門內部圖則。擬備這些圖則時會考慮《香港規劃標準與準則》、相關的發展政策和原則、以及公眾意見。
——
本港的规划制度包括订定全港层面的发展策略和地区层面的各类法定图则和部门内部图则。拟备这些图则时会考虑《香港规划标准与准则》、相关的发展政策和原则、以及公众意见。
Open Tendering
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
公開招標
公开招标
Tender invitations are published in the Government of HKSAR Gazette on every Friday, on the Internet, and if necessary, in the local press and selected overseas journals. All interested contractors are free to submit tenders. For those contracts covered by WTO GPA, the originating department will also notify consulates and overseas trade commissions, where appropriate.
——
招标公告会于每周五刊登在香港特别行政区宪报政府上，并在互联网上刊登，如有需要，亦会刊登在本地报章和选定的海外刊物上。所有有兴趣的承建商均可自由提交投标书。就《世界贸易组织政府采购协定》所涵盖的合约而言，提出申请的部门亦会酌情通知各领事馆及海外贸易委员会。
——
招标公告会于每周五刊登在香港特别行政区宪报政府上，并在互联网上刊登，如有需要，亦会刊登在本地报章和选定的海外刊物上。所有有兴趣的承建商均可自由提交投标书。就《世界贸易组织政府采购协定》所涵盖的合约而言，提出申请的部门亦会酌情通知各领事馆及海外贸易委员会。
Selective Tendering
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
選擇性招標
选择性招标
Tender invitations are published in the Government of HKSAR Gazette on every Friday, or are sent by letter to all contractors on the relevant lists of approved qualified contractors established and approved for the purpose of selective tendering. For those contracts covered by WTO GPA, the originating department will also notify consulates and overseas trade commissions, where appropriate. Contractors not already on the lists may also be considered provided there is sufficient time to complete the qualification procedure.
——
招標書會於每周五在香港特別行政區憲報政府刊登，或以函件形式發出予為選擇性招標而設立及核準的認可合資格承建商名冊內的所有承建商。就《世界貿易組織政府采購協定》所涵蓋的合約而言，提出申請的部門亦會酌情通知各領事館及海外貿易委員會。如果有足夠的時間完成鑒定程序，也可以考慮名單上未列的承包商。
——
招标书会于每周五在香港特别行政区宪报政府刊登，或以函件形式发出予为选择性招标而设立及核准的认可合资格承建商名册内的所有承建商。就《世界贸易组织政府采购协定》所涵盖的合约而言，提出申请的部门亦会酌情通知各领事馆及海外贸易委员会。如果有足够的时间完成鉴定程序，也可以考虑名单上未列的承包商。
Single or Restricted Tendering
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
單一招標
单一招标
Single or Restricted Tendering Tender invitations are sent to only one or a number of suppliers/contractors approved by the Permanent Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury (Treasury) or the Director of Government Logistics.
——
單一招標或限制性招標只向財經事務及庫務局常任秘書長(庫務)或政府物流服務署署長批準的一間或若幹間供應商/承辦商發出。
——
单一招标或限制性招标只向财经事务及库务局常任秘书长(库务)或政府物流服务署署长批准的一间或若干间供应商/承办商发出。
Prequalified Tendering
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
資格預審
资格预审
Pre-qualification is the stage of the tender process where a number of organisations are pre-selected and subsequently asked to submit a tender.
——
資格預審是招標過程的階段，在該階段中預先選擇了許多組織，然後要求它們進行招標。
——
资格预审是招标过程的阶段，在该阶段中预先选择了许多组织，然后要求它们进行招标。
Contractor
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
總承包商
总承包商
A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer. Responsible for the overall coordination of a project.
——
總承包商是客戶僱用的建築經理，通常根據項目建築師或工程師的建議。負責項目的整體協調。
——
总承包商是客户雇用的建筑经理，通常根据项目建筑师或工程师的建议。负责项目的整体协调。
Suppliers
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
供應商
供应商
A term which refers to organizations contracted as part of the delivery of a built asset. Suppliers might have been considered to be organizations contracted to provide physical supplies such as goods, materials, plant, etc.
——
一個術語，是指作為已交付資產的一部分簽約的組織。供應商可能被認為是簽約提供實物供應（例如貨物，材料，工廠等）的組織。
——
一个术语，是指作为已交付资产的一部分签约的组织。供应商可能被认为是签约提供实物供应（例如货物，材料，工厂等）的组织。
Consultant
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
顧問
顾问
A construction consultant helps their clients oversee and assess building costs and contracts for construction projects. This may include providing other general technical and business assistance. Additional responsibilities involve working with contractors to decide and implement the building design, noting any environmental issues at the site, and ensuring worker safety.
——
一名建築顧問可幫助其客戶監督和評估建築項目的建築成本和合同。這可能包括提供其他常規技術和業務幫助。其他職責包括與承包商合作，以決定和實施建築設計，注意現場的任何環境問題，並確保工人安全。
——
一名建筑顾问可帮助其客户监督和评估建筑项目的建筑成本和合同。这可能包括提供其他常规技术和业务帮助。其他职责包括与承包商合作，以决定和实施建筑设计，注意现场的任何环境问题，并确保工人安全。
Property developers
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
房地產開發商
房地产开发商
Property developers are major landlords of residential, retail and office space in the territory, engaged in all aspects of property development, construction, property investment and management.
——
房地產開發商是該地區住宅，零售和辦公場所的主要房東，從事房地產開發，建築，房地產投資和管理的各個方面。
——
房地产开发商是该地区住宅，零售和办公场所的主要房东，从事房地产开发，建筑，房地产投资和管理的各个方面。
Construction Drawing
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
施工圖
施工图
Construction drawing is the general term used for drawings that form part of the production information that is incorporated into tender documentation and then the contract documents for the construction works.
——
施工圖是用於圖紙的通用術語，這些圖紙構成生產信息的一部分，並被納入招標文件，然後再納入建築工程的合同文件。
——
施工图是用于图纸的通用术语，这些图纸构成生产信息的一部分，并被纳入招标文件，然后再纳入建筑工程的合同文件。
Bill of Quantity
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
數量清單
数量清单
Bill of Quantities also referred to as BOQ, is a document formulated in the construction industry to specify materials, labors, and their cost. It serves as a communication tool between client, consultant & the contractor. It is usually prepared by a cost consultant or a surveyor.
——
數量清單也稱為BOQ，是建築行業製定的用於指定材料，人工及其成本的文檔。它充當客戶，顧問和承包商之間的溝通工具。它通常由成本顧問或測量師準備。
——
数量清单也称为BOQ，是建筑行业制定的用于指定材料，人工及其成本的文档。它充当客户，顾问和承包商之间的沟通工具。它通常由成本顾问或测量师准备。
Specification
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
規格
规格
Specifications describe the products, materials and work required by a construction contract. They do not include cost, quantity or drawn information, and so need to be read alongside other information such as quantities, schedules and drawings.
——
規格描述了施工合同要求的產品，材料和工作。它們不包括成本，數量或繪製的信息，因此需要與其他信息（例如數量，進度表和工程圖）一起閱讀。
——
规格描述了施工合同要求的产品，材料和工作。它们不包括成本，数量或绘制的信息，因此需要与其他信息（例如数量，进度表和工程图）一起阅读。
Workmanship
Topic6: "Organising a Project"
工藝
工艺
Workmanship is the degree of skill with which a product is made or a job done. It might also be described as craftsmanship or handiwork.
——
工藝是製造產品或完成工作的技能程度。它也可能被描述為工藝或手工。
——
工艺是制造产品或完成工作的技能程度。它也可能被描述为工艺或手工。