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Glossary & Links: Topic2 "Where Do You Work?"

Private Sector

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

公共事業

公共部门

The private sector often refers to the public portion of the economy shared by government and governmental companies, which often ranges from daily infrastructure construction (development, public transit, water supply, electricity, etc.), public service (public education, health care, law enactment, military, etc.), and economic support (governmental companies, state-owned enterprises, etc.).

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私人部門通常是指政府和政府公司所擁有的經濟的公共部分,其範圍從日常基礎設施建設(發展,公共交通,供電,電力等)到公共服務(公共教育,醫療保健,法律法規,軍事法規)等)和經濟支持(政府公司,國有企業等)。

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私营部门通常是指政府和政府公司所共有的经济的公共部分,其范围从日常基础设施建设(发展,公共交通,供水,电力等)到公共服务(公共教育,医疗保健,法律法规,军事法规等)和经济支持(政府公司,国有企业等)。

State-owned Local Design Institute (LDI)

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

國有設計院

国有设计院

The state-owned local design institutes (LDIs) are especially common in China before late 1980s. They used to be the only ones that had legal license of design under the delegation of the state, central government, and government bureaus. Today, even though more and more private, individual design institute are established, there are still around 2,000 LDIs throughout the country.

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國有的地方設計院(LDI)在1980年代後期之前在中國尤為普遍。在國家範圍內,中央政府和政府機構的授權下,它們曾經是唯一擁有合法設計許可的公司。如今,儘管建立了越來越多的私人設計機構,但全國仍然有大約2,000個LDI。

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国有的地方设计院(LDI)在1980年代后期之前在中国尤为普遍。在国家范围内,中央政府和政府机构的授权下,它们曾经是唯一拥有合法设计许可的公司。如今,尽管建立了越来越多的私人设计机构,但全国仍然有大约2,000个LDI。

Statutory Bodies

 

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

公營機構

公营机构

A statutory body is a body set up by law which is authorised to enforce legislation on behalf of the relevant country or state. In Hong Kong, advisory and statutory bodies (ASBs) play an important role of helping the Government in the consultation with stakeholders, formulation of policy objectives and performance of statutory functions. Statutory bodies perform various statutory functions in accordance with the relevant legislation.  In general, these functions involve the handling of territory-wide policies or public affairs.

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法定機構是指根據法律設立的機構,有權代表相關國家或州執行法律。在香港,諮詢和法定機構(ASB)發揮了重要作用,幫助政府與利益相關者進行磋商,制定政策目標和履行法定職能。法定機構根據有關法律履行各種法定職能。一般而言,這些職能涉及處理全港範圍的政策或公共事務。

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法定机构是由法律设立的机构,有权代表相关国家或州执行法律。在香港,咨询和法定机构(ASB)发挥了重要作用,帮助政府与利益相关者进行磋商,制定政策目标和履行法定职能。法定机构根据有关法律履行各种法定职能。一般而言,这些职能涉及处理全港范围的政策或公共事务。

Non-governmental Organization (NGO)

 

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

非營利組織

非盈利组织

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) related to our professions (landscape architecture industries) in Hong Kong are mainly concerned with the public space or educational events. They strive to build public awareness of public space in Hong Kong.

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與我們(園境建築行業)在香港的專業有關的非政府組織(NGOs)主要關注公共場所或教育活動。他們致力提高公眾對香港公共空間的認識。

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与我们(园境建筑行业)在香港的专业有关的非政府组织(NGOs)主要关注公共场所或教育活动。他们致力提高公众对香港公共空间的认识。

Public Enterprise

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

公營公司/上市公司

公营公司/上市公司

A public enterprise is an industrial or commercial undertaking which the government owns and manages. Also, the primary objective of such an enterprise is social welfare and upholding the interest of the general public.

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公營企業是政府擁有和管理的工業或商業企業。而且,這種企業的主要目標是社會福利和維護公眾利益。

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公营企业是政府拥有和管理的工业或商业企业。而且,这种企业的主要目标是社会福利和维护公众利益。

Sole Proprietorship

 

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

獨資

独资

Conducted by one person who both owns and runs the business, i.e. no business partners Entitled to all profits and responsible for all the risks of the business Simple structure, suitable for small-scale, start-up, relatively low risk businesses.

 

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由擁有和經營該業務的一個人(即沒有業務合作夥伴)進行,有權獲得所有利潤並對業務的所有風險負責。結構簡單,適用於小型,初創且風險相對較低的業務。

 

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由拥有和经营该业务的一个人(即没有业务合作伙伴)进行,有权获得所有利润并对业务的所有风险负责。结构简单,适用于小型,初创且风险相对较低的业务。

 

Partnership

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

合夥

合伙

Less popular but have certain advantages over company Simpler and more flexible formation and operation No requirement to file annual returns and other forms of documents, therefore high degree of privacy Lower rate of income tax compared to companies Some professions, e.g. solicitors, allow to exist only as partnerships or sole proprietorship by law Number of partners cannot be more than 20 Governed by the Partnership Ordinance.

 

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較不受歡迎,但相對於公司而言具有某些優勢。組建和運營更簡單,更靈活,無需提交年度申報表和其他形式的文件,因此具有高度的保密性。與公司相比,所得稅稅率較低。某些職業(例如律師)只允許存在作為合夥人或依法獨資經營的合夥人的數量不能超過20個,受《合夥人條例》(第2章)的管轄。

 

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较不受欢迎,但相对于公司而言具有某些优势。组建和运营更简单,更灵活,无需提交年度申报表和其他形式的文件,因此具有高度的保密性。与公司相比,所得税税率较低。某些职业(例如律师)只允许存在作为合伙人或依法独资经营的合伙人的数量不能超过20个,受《合伙人条例》(第2章)的管辖。

Greening, Landscape and Tree Management Section, Development Bureau

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

綠化、園境及樹木管理組

绿化、园境及树木管理组

Nature of work: (There are two offices in the section)

(i) Greening and Landscape Office: Central coordination of Government's greening and landscape planning and design efforts;

(ii) Tree Management Office: Advocacy of the adoption of a professional approach to tree management among tree management departments(e.g. HyD) and in the community at large and technical circular.

https://www.greening.gov.hk/en/about_gltms/orgchart_text.html

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工作性質:(本節中有兩個辦公室)

(i)綠化及園境辦事處:中央協調政府的綠化和景觀規劃設計工作;

(ii)樹木管理辦公室:在樹木管理部門(例如路政署)以及整個社區和大型技術通報中,倡導採用專業的樹木管理方法。

https://www.greening.gov.hk/en/about_gltms/orgchart_text.html

 

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工作性质:(本节中有两个办公室)

(i)绿化及园境办事处:中央协调政府的绿化和景观规划设计工作;

(ii)树木管理办公室:在树木管理部门(例如路政署)以及整个社区和大型技术通报中,倡导采用专业的树木管理方法。

https://www.greening.gov.hk/en/about_gltms/orgchart_text.html

Architecture Services Department (ASD)

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

建築署

建筑署

Nature of work:

(i)To provide architectural and landscape services for the design and construction of Government building projects and other projects under ASD’s control 

(ii)To provide advisory services to the Administration and other Government Departments on architectural and landscape design and development (Government in-house consultant).

https://www.archsd.gov.hk/en/about-us/organization-structure.aspx

 

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工作性質:

(i)為政府建築項目及其他由ASD控制的項目的設計和施工提供建築和景觀服務

(ii)就建築和景觀設計與開發向政府當局和其他政府部門提供諮詢服務(政府內部顧問)。

https://www.archsd.gov.hk/en/about-us/organization-structure.aspx

 

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工作性质:

(i)为政府建筑项目及其他由ASD控制的项目的设计和施工提供建筑和景观服务(ii)就建筑和景观(ii)设计与开发向政府当局和其他政府部门提供咨询服务(政府内部顾问)。

https://www.archsd.gov.hk/en/about-us/organization-structure.aspx

Highways Department (HyD)

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

路政署

路政署

Nature of work:

(i)To provide architectural and landscape services for the design and construction of Government building projects and other projects under ASD’s control

(ii)To provide advisory services to the Administration and other Government Departments on architectural and landscape design and development (Government in-house consultant.

 

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工作性質:

(i)為政府建築項目和ASD控制下的其他項目的設計和建設提供建築和景觀服務

(ii)就建築和景觀設計與開發向政府和其他政府部門提供諮詢服務(政府內部顧問)。

 

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工作性质:

(i)为政府建筑项目和ASD控制下的其他项目的设计和建设提供建筑和景观服务

(ii)就建筑和景观设计与开发向政府和其他政府部门提供咨询服务(政府内部顾问)。

Drainage Services Department (DSD)

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

渠務署

渠务署

Nature of work:

To maintain vegetation on river, channel and sewage facilities (e.g. Sha Tin Treatment Works) under DSD jurisdiction; nurture vegetation to stabilise slopes (ii) To participate in research and design of landscape area within sewage facilities.

https://www.dsd.gov.hk/EN/Greening/Drainage_and_Sewerage_Facilities/index.html

 

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工作性質:

(i)在渠務署轄下的河道,河道及污水處理設施(例如沙田污水處理廠)上維持植被;培育植被以穩定斜坡

(ii)參與污水處理設施內景觀區域的研究和設計。

https://www.dsd.gov.hk/EN/Greening/Drainage_and_Sewerage_Facilities/index.html

 

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工作性质:

(i)在渠务署辖下的河道,河道及污水处理设施(例如沙田污水处理厂)上维持植被;培育植被以稳定斜坡

(ii)参与污水处理设施内景观区域的研究和设计。

https://www.dsd.gov.hk/EN/Greening/Drainage_and_Sewerage_Facilities/index.html

 

Planning Department (PlanD)

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

規劃署

规划署

Nature of work:

(i) To involve in Outline Zoning Plan

(ii) To review Landscape Master Plan submitted by companies

(iii) To carry out consultancy of landscape work

https://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/p_study/comp_s/UDS/chi_v1/images_chi/pdf_paper/CommentCard_cn.pdf 

 

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工作性質:

(i)參與分區計劃大綱圖

(ii)審查公司提交的景觀總體規劃

(iii)進行景觀設計諮詢

https://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/p_study/comp_s/UDS/chi_v1/images_chi/pdf_paper/CommentCard_cn.pdf 

 

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工作性质:

(i)参与分区计划大纲图

(ii)审查公司提交的景观总体规划

(iii)进行景观设计咨询

https://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/p_study/comp_s/UDS/chi_v1/images_chi/pdf_paper/CommentCard_cn.pdf

Housing Department (HD)

Topic2: "Where Do You Work?"

房屋署

房屋署

Nature of work:

(i) To prepare landscape master plans, detail plans, and planting plans to utilize open spaces in public housing developments under the Housing Authority, or for other government departments;

(ii) To advise on landscape design and administrative control matters relating to landscape matters in public housing developments

(iii) To provide professional support and advice on matters relating to greening, landscape planning and design, landscape management and vegetation management in public housing developments, and other government departments

(iv) To manage consultants and co-ordinating works relating to landscape matters in public housing developments

(v) To supervise supporting staff including technical staff, horticultural site staff, and graduate trainees

https://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en/common/pdf/about-us/housing-department/job-vacancies/20130607LA.pdf 

 

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工作性質:

(i)擬備景觀總綱圖,詳細圖則及種植圖,以利用房屋委員會或其他政府部門在公共房屋發展中的休憩用地;

(ii)就與公共房屋發展中的景觀事宜有關的景觀設計和行政控制事宜提供意見

(iii)就公共房屋發展中的綠化,景觀規劃和設計,景觀管理和植被管理以及其他政府部門的事務提供專業支持和建議

(iv)管理與公共房屋發展中的景觀相關的顧問和協調工作

(v)監督支持人員,包括技術人員,園藝現場人員和研究生

https://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en/common/pdf/about-us/housing-department/job-vacancies/20130607LA.pdf 

 

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工作性质:

(i)拟备景观总纲图,详细图则及种植图,以利用房屋委员会或其他政府部门在公共房屋发展中的休憩用地;

(ii)就与公共房屋发展中的景观事宜有关的景观设计和行政控制事宜提供意见

(iii)就公共房屋发展中的绿化,景观规划和设计,景观管理和植被管理以及其他政府部门的事务提供专业支持和建议

(iv)管理与公共房屋发展中的景观相关的顾问和协调工作

(v)监督支持人员,包括技术人员,园艺现场人员和研究生

https://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en/common/pdf/about-us/housing-department/job-vacancies/20130607LA.pdf

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